英语语法中宾语和什么有关
什么构成英语句子语法?
什么构成英语句子语法?
英语句子的语法即英语句子中语言习惯和构成律、规则。它包括英语句子的五种基本结构、英语动词时态、语态、语气;名词性(主语/宾语/表语/同位语从句丿、形容词性从句(定语从句)和副词性从句(状语从句);非谓语动词形式;各种词性;语序及某些习惯用法。
关于英语宾语从句的语法知识有哪些?
宾语从句(The Object Clause)在复合句中作主句的宾语。宾语从句通常由下面一些词引导。 1、由that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句,在很多动词如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等后。连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不做任何成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略,但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好。 例:I told him that he was wrong. 2、 由wh-引导的宾语从句,连接代词who,whom,whose, what, which,和连接副词when, where, why, how 等连接的宾语从句,它们在句中即有连接从句的作用,又在句中充当句子的成分。 例:Do you know which film they are talking about (which做定语) I dont know where he lives. (where 做地点状语) 3、 由连词whether 或 if 引导(一般情况下两者可替换,口语中常用if)。 我们应注意的几个问题: 1、 宾语从句的语序。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序,既连接词 主语 谓语 其他成分 例:I believe that they will come soon. He asked me whether I was a teacher. They wanted to know what they can do for us. 2、 宾语从句的时态 1)宾语从句的时态受主句的限制,主句用一般现在时,从句也用现在时态。 如:He says Mary is playing with the cat . He says Mary often plays with the cat. 2) 主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前,则从句要用过去完成时态。 He said Mary was playing with the cat. He said he hoped to be back soon.. 3) 当从句所表示的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句都用一般现在时。 如:He said light travels much faster than sound. The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 3、 宾语从句中的否定转移。如果主句谓语动词是think , believe suppose 等,而从句的意思是否定的,这时主句的谓语动词用否定式,从句用肯定式。如: I dont think you are right. 我认为你不对。 4、 将特殊疑问句变成宾语从句时,从句的语序要由疑问句变成陈述句的语序。 When will the meeting begin-------I want to know when the meeting will begin. 5、 将一般疑问句变成宾语从句时,则用if /whether连接,同时变成陈述句语序,同时注意人称的变化。 Are you an English teacher -------He asked if I was an English teacher. 注意:由连词if、 whether 引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句。Whether,if 在从句中不做句子的成分,一般情况下,whether和if 可以替换。但在下列情况下只能用whether,不能用if 1) 介词后的宾语从句 Im thinking about whether we should go fishing. 2) 宾语从句提前时 Whether this is true or not, I cant say. 3) 宾语从句中有or not时 I dont know whether or not he was ready. 4) 和动词不定式连用作宾语时 She hasnt decided whether to go or not. 当 if 引导条件状语从句,(主句是将来时,那么从句就用现在时;主句是过去时,从句则用过去完成时)。 例 I dont know whether he will come. If he comes ,I will tell you.